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Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec


Paintings

Carriage

Follette

A la Mie ( The Restaurant La Mie )

The bareback rider in the circus Fernando

Ball at the Moulin Rouge

Ball at the Moulin Rouge


Inhabitant of a brothel


The Promenoir of " Moulin Rouge "


The sofa


The sofa


The young Routy in Céleyran


The Salon in the Rue des Moulins


The bar


The two girlfriends


The thick Marie


Adèle de Toulouse- Lautrec at breakfast


The toilet , detail


The laundress


Dog Car ( The buggy )


Dr. Tapié de Céleyran in the theater foyer


Femme de Maison


Woman in the Garden


The Four Hand


In »Rat Mort "


At the Moulin de la Galette


At the Moulin Rouge


At the Moulin Rouge, the beginning of the quadrille


At the Moulin Rouge, Two Women Dancing


In the dining room of the brothel


Jane Avril dancing


Jane Avril leaves the " Moulin Rouge "


La Clownesse Cha -U- Ka -O In Moulin Rouge


La Goule and two women in " Moulin Rouge "


La Modiste : Mademoiselle Margouin


Biasing horse of the railcar company


Madame Poupoule in the toilet


Marcelle Lender in » Chilpéric "


Maurice Joyant in the Somme Bay


Moorish Dance


Maxim Dethomas


Messalina


Mlle Dihau au piano ( Miss Dihau at the piano )


Monsieur Boileau


Monsieur , Madame and the pooch


Napoléon


Portrait of the Countess A. de Toulouse -Lautrec


Portrait of Justine Dieuhl in the garden


Portrait of Miss Dolly from the "Star" in Le Havre


Portrait of Miss May Belfort


Portrait of Oscar Wilde


Portrait of Vincent van Gogh


Resting model


Self-portrait in front of a mirror


Yvette Guilbert salutes the crowd


Two girls


Two girls in bed


Drawings

Desiré Dihau , bassoon playing


In the Ice Palace : A professional beauty


Lucie Bellanger


Odon de Tapié Céleyran


Portrait of Jane Avril


Sleeping woman in bed


Scottish wind chime


Yvette Gilbert before the curtain


Circus horse


Circus scene


Two horses with postilion


Illustrations


À Saint- Lazare


Evening Walk


Adieu


Anna Held


Antoine and Gémier


Antoine and Madame Saville


Upon leaving the theater


Flower moon


Brandes and Le Bargy


Brandes and Leloir


Brewers move into " Chilpéric "


Bruant


Book Cover


Book Cover


Calmèse


Cecy Loftus


Cléo de Merode


The old horse


The secret agent


The small pony and the dog


The horse and the Collie


The application


The motorist


The Englishman Warener


The Explorers De Brettes


The exhausted Eros


The first seller


The chestnut seller


The Hanged Man


The smoked herring


The Jockey


The jockey on the way to the scale


The sick Carnot


The cyclist Michaël


The sleeping


The Dance at the Moulin Rouge


The coach


The trainer and his jockey


The female clown Cha-U-Kao


Di Ti Fellow


The Amazon and the dog


The Amazon and Tonneau


The Castle woman


The English coach


The big box


The small box


The Loge


The impotence


The traveler


A gentleman and a lady


A Redoute in Moulin Rouge


Invite by Alexandre Natanson


Elsa


English sequel to " Yvette Guilbert "


Design for the frontispiece


Design for a book cover


Episode " Concert Café "


Episode " Concert Café "


Episode " Concert Café "


Episode " Concert Café "


Episode " Concert Café "

Episode " Concert Café "


Episode " Concert Café "


Episode " Concert Café "


Sequence of the " Elles "


Sequence of the " Elles "


Sequence of the " Elles "


Sequence of the " Elles "


Sequence of the " Elles "


Sequence of the " Elles "


Sequence of the " Elles "


Sequence of the " Elles "


Sequence of the " Elles "


Sequence of the " Elles "


Sequence of the " Elles "


Folies-Bergère


Footit and Chocloat


Footit


women's Studies


princely Idyll


Guy and Mealy


Tribute to Molière at the Théâtre Antoine


Ida Heath


Ida Heath


Illustration for a program booklet


Illustration for " L' Aube "


Illustration to " At the foot of Sinai "


Illustration to " At the foot of Sinai "


Illustration to " At the foot of Sinai "


Illustration to " At the foot of Sinai "


Illustration to " At the foot of Sinai "


Illustration to " At the foot of Sinai "


Illustration on the poems Goudezkis


Illustration on the poems Goudezkis


Illustration on the poems Goudezkis


Illustration on the poems Goudezkis


Illustration Renard " Histoires naturelles "


Illustration Renard " Histoires naturelles "


Illustration Renard " Histoires naturelles "


Illustration Renard " Histoires naturelles "


Illustration Renard " Histoires naturelles "


Illustration Renard " Histoires naturelles "


Illustration Renard " Histoires naturelles "


Illustration Renard " Histoires naturelles "


Illustration Renard " Histoires naturelles "


Illustration Renard " Histoires naturelles "


Illustration Renard " Histoires naturelles "


Illustration Renard " Histoires naturelles "


Illustration Renard " Histoires naturelles "


Illustration Renard " Histoires naturelles "


Illustration Renard " Histoires naturelles "


Illustration Renard " Histoires naturelles "


Illustration Renard " Histoires naturelles "


Illustration Renard " Histoires naturelles "


Illustration Renard " Histoires naturelles "


Illustration for the album " Yvette Guilbert "


Illustration for the album " Yvette Guilbert "


Illustration for the album " Yvette Guilbert "


Illustration for the album " Yvette Guilbert "


frontispiece


In the Bois


At the Moulin Rouge


At the Moulin Rouge


In Velodrome


In Velodrome


In Ambassadeurs


In the forties


A bar Hanneton


A bar Le Star


A bar Le Star


A bar Picton, Rue Scribe


A bar Souris, at Palmyre


In the Maison d'Or


Irish and American Bar


Jeanne Granier


Jeanne Granier


Jeanne hading


Jeanne hading


Judic and Dihau


Convertible


Carnival imagination


Buy my beautiful violets


conversation


La Goulue and Valentin


La Goulue


La Revue Blanche , frontispiece


La Terreur de Grenelle


La term at the Moulin Rouge


Le Bézigue


Loie Fuller


Luce myres


Luce myres


Lucien Guitry


Lugné - Poe and Baldy


Madame L. ..


Madame le Margouin


Male and female clown


Marcelle Lender


Marcelle Lender


Marcelle Lender in "Madame Satan "


Marcelle Lender


Marcelle Lender


Marcelle Lender


Marcelle Lender


Mary Hamilton


May Belfort


May Belfort


May Belfort


May Belfort


May Belfort


May Belfort


May Belfort


Mlle Pois Vert


Napoleon


NIB or the amateur photographer


Nicolle


Oceano Nox


Couple in cafe concert


Paddock


poster


Poster


Poster


Poster


Poster


Poster


Poster


Poster


Poster


Poster


Poster


Poster


Poster


Poster


Poster


Poster


Poster


Poster


Poster


Poster


Poster


Poster


Poster


Poster


Poster


Polaire

Polaire

Pole


Portrait of Francis Jourdain


Portrait of Henry Somm


Portrait of Charles Maurin


Portrait of Tristan Bernard


Portrait of W.H.B. Sands


Portrait of a man


Portrait of Adolphe Albert


Portrait of Dihau


Farce after the Antique


Process Arton


Process Arton


Process Arton


Cyclist


Réjane


Réjane and Galipaux


Rose Caron


Sarah Bernhardt


Woman Washing


Study sheet with horses and collie


Cover for the magazine " l' Estampe original "


Insignificant singer


Why not ...


Female clown in the Moulin Rouge


White and Black


Yahne


Yahne


Yvette Guilbert


Zimmermann and his bike


Henri Marie Raymond de Toulouse-Lautrec-Monfa or simply Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec (French pronunciation: [ɑ̃ʁi də tuluz loˈtʁɛk]) (24 November 1864 – 9 September 1901) was a French painter, printmaker, draughtsman, and illustrator, whose immersion in the colourful and theatrical life of fin de siècle Paris yielded an œuvre  of exciting, elegant and provocative images of the modern and sometimes decadent life of those times. Toulouse-Lautrec is known along with Cézanne, Van Gogh, and Gauguin as one of the greatest painters of the Post-Impressionist period. In a 2005 auction at Christie's auction house a new record was set when "La blanchisseuse", an early painting of a young laundress, sold for $22.4 million U.S.[1]

Biography

Youth

Henri Marie Raymond de Toulouse-Lautrec-Monfa was born in Albi, Tarn in the Midi-Pyrénées région of France, the firstborn child of Comte Alphonse and Comtesse Adèle de Toulouse-Lautrec. He was therefore a member of an aristocratic family (descendants of the Counts of Toulouse and Lautrec and the Viscounts of Montfa, a village and commune of the Tarn department of southern France). A younger brother was also born to the family on 28 August 1867, but died the following year.

After the death of his brother his parents separated and a nanny took care of Henri through this time.[2] At the age of 8, Henri left to live with his mother in Paris. Here he started to draw his first sketches and caricatures on his exercise workbooks. The family quickly came to realise that Henri's talent lay with drawing and painting, and a friend of his father named Rene Princeteau visited sometimes to give informal lessons. Some of Henri's early paintings are of horses, a specialty of Princeteau, and something that he would later visit with his 'Circus Paintings'.[2][3]

In 1875 Henri returned to Albi because his mother recognised his health problems. He took thermal baths at Amélie-les-Bains and his mother consulted doctors in the hope of finding a way to improve her son's growth and development.[2]

Disability and health problems

The Comte and Comtesse themselves were first cousins (Henri's two grandmothers being sisters[2]) and Henri suffered from a number of congenital health conditions attributed to this tradition of inbreeding.

At the age of 13 Henri fractured his right thigh bone, and at 14, the left.[4] The breaks did not heal properly. Modern physicians attribute this to an unknown genetic disorder, possibly pycnodysostosis (also sometimes known as Toulouse-Lautrec Syndrome),[5] or a variant disorder along the lines of osteopetrosis, achondroplasia, or osteogenesis imperfecta.[6] Rickets aggravated with praecox virilism has also been suggested. His legs ceased to grow, so that as an adult he was only 1.52 m (5 ft) tall,[4][7] having developed an adult-sized torso, while retaining his child-sized legs, which were 0.70 m (27.5 in) long. He is also reported to have had hypertrophied genitals.[8][9]
Jules Chéret and Lautrec with poster
La Toilette, early painting

Physically unable to participate in most of the activities typically enjoyed by men of his age, Toulouse-Lautrec immersed himself in his art. He became an important Post-Impressionist painter, art nouveau illustrator, and lithographer; and recorded in his works many details of the late-19th-century bohemian lifestyle in Paris. Toulouse-Lautrec also contributed a number of illustrations to the magazine Le Rire during the mid-1890s.

After initially failing his college entrance exams, Henri passed upon his second attempt and completed his studies. During his stay in Nice, his progress in painting and drawing impressed Princeteau, who persuaded Henri's parents to let him return to Paris and study under the acclaimed portrait painter Léon Bonnat. Henri's mother had high ambitions and, with aims of Henri becoming a fashionable and respected painter, she used the family influence to get Henri into Bonnat's studio.[2]

Paris

Toulouse-Lautrec was drawn to Montmartre, an area of Paris famous for its bohemian lifestyle and for being the haunt of artists, writers, and philosophers. Studying with Bonnat placed Henri in the heart of Montmartre, an area that he would rarely leave over the next 20 years. After Bonnat took a new job Henri moved to the studio of Fernand Cormon in 1882 and studied for a further 5 years, here making the group of friends he would keep for the rest of his life. It was at this period in his life he first met Emile Bernard and van Gogh. Cormon, whose instruction was more relaxed than Bonnat's, allowed his pupils to roam Paris, looking for subjects to paint. In this period Toulouse-Lautrec had his first encounter with a prostitute, reputedly sponsored by his friends, and this led him to paint his first painting of the prostitutes of Montmartre, a woman rumoured to be called Marie-Charlotte.[2]

With his studies finished in 1887 he participated in an exposition in Toulouse under the pseudonym "Tréclau", an anagram of the family name 'Lautrec'. He later exhibited in Paris with van Gogh and Louis Anquetin.[2]

From 1889 until 1894, Henri took part in the "Independent Artists' Salon" on a regular basis. He made several landscapes of Montmartre. It was in this era that the 'Moulin Rouge' opened.[2] Tucked deep into Montmartre was the garden of Monsieur Pere Foret where Toulouse-Lautrec executed a series of pleasant plein-air paintings of Carmen Gaudin, the same red-head model who appears in The Laundress (1888). When the nearby Moulin Rouge cabaret opened its doors, Toulouse-Lautrec was commissioned to produce a series of posters. His mother had left Paris and while Henri still had a regular income from his family, making posters offered him a living of his own. Other artists looked down on the work, but Henri was so aristocratic he did not care.[10] Thereafter, the cabaret reserved a seat for him, and displayed his paintings.[11] Among the well known works that he painted for the Moulin Rouge and other Parisian nightclubs are depictions of the singer Yvette Guilbert; the dancer Louise Weber, known as the outrageous La Goulue ("The Glutton"), who created the "French Can-Can"; and the much more subtle dancer Jane Avril.

London

Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec came from a family of Anglophiles, and while he wasn't as fluent as he pretended to be he spoke English well enough to travel to London.[10] The business of making posters led Henri to London, gaining him work that led to the making of the 'Confetti' poster,[12] and the bicycle advert 'La Chaîne Simpson'.[13]

It was during his time in London that he met and befriended Oscar Wilde,[10] and when Wilde faced imprisonment in Britain, Henri was a very vocal supporter. Toulouse-Lautrec's portrait of Wilde was the same year as Wilde's trial.[10][14]
[edit] Alcoholism

Lautrec was often mocked for his short stature and physical appearance, and this led him to drown his sorrows in alcohol.[15] At first this was just beer and wine, but his tastes quickly expanded. He was one of the notable Parisians who enjoyed American style cocktails, France being a nation of wine purists. He would have parties at his house on a Friday night and force his guests to try them.[10] The invention of the cocktail "Earthquake" or Tremblement de Terre is attributed to Toulouse-Lautrec; a potent mixture containing half absinthe and half cognac (in a wine goblet, 3 parts Absinthe and 3 parts Cognac sometimes served with ice cubes or shaken in a cocktail shaker filled with ice).[16]

1893 saw Lautrec's alcoholism begin to take its toll, and as those around him began to realize the seriousness of his condition there were rumors of a syphilis infection.[17] Finally, in 1899, his mother and a group of concerned friends had him briefly institutionalized.[17] He had even gone to the length of having a cane that he could hide alcohol in so he could have a drink on him at all times.[10]

Death

An alcoholic for most of his adult life, Toulouse-Lautrec was placed in a sanatorium shortly before his death. He died from complications due to alcoholism and syphilis at the family estate in Malromé at the age of 36. He is buried in Verdelais, Gironde, a few kilometers from the Château Malromé, where he died.

Toulouse-Lautrec's last words reportedly were: "Le vieux con!" ("The old fool!", although the word "con" can be meant in both simple and vulgar terms [18]). This was his goodbye to his father.[10]

After Toulouse-Lautrec's death, his mother, the Comtesse Adèle Toulouse-Lautrec, and Maurice Joyant, his art dealer, promoted his art. His mother contributed funds for a museum to be built in Albi, his birthplace, to house his works.

Art

Throughout his career, which spanned less than 20 years, Toulouse-Lautrec created 737 canvases, 275 watercolours, 363 prints and posters, 5,084 drawings, some ceramic and stained glass work, and an unknown number of lost works.[5] His debt to the Impressionists, in particular the more figurative painters Manet and Degas, is apparent. His style was also influenced by the classical Japanese woodprints which became popular in art circles in Paris. In the works of Toulouse-Lautrec can be seen many parallels to Manet's detached barmaid at A Bar at the Folies-Bergère and the behind-the-scenes ballet dancers of Degas. He excelled at capturing people in their working environment, with the colour and the movement of the gaudy night-life present but the glamour stripped away. He was masterly at capturing crowd scenes in which the figures are highly individualised. At the time that they were painted, the individual figures in his larger paintings could be identified by silhouette alone, and the names of many of these characters have been recorded. His treatment of his subject matter, whether as portraits, scenes of Parisian night-life, or intimate studies, has been described as both sympathetic and dispassionate.

Toulouse-Lautrec's skilled depiction of people relied on his painterly style which is highly linear and gives great emphasis to contour. He often applied the paint in long, thin brushstrokes which would often leave much of the board on which they are painted showing through. Many of his works may best be described as drawings in coloured paint.

Movies

Toulouse-Lautrec has been the subject of biographical films:

    * in the John Huston film Moulin Rouge (1952), he is portrayed by Jose Ferrer
    * Lautrec (1998) is a biographical movie directed by Roger Planchon[19]
    * Lautrec (1999) is a musical written by Charles Aznavour
    * he is portrayed by John Leguizamo in Moulin Rouge! (2001)


References

   1. ^ The New York Sun 11/02/2005
   2. ^ a b c d e f g h Author Unknown, "Toulouse-Lautrec" - published Grange Books. ISBN 1-84013-658-8 Bookfinder - Toulouse Lautrec
   3. ^ ArT Blog : Toulouse-Lautrec at the Circus: The "Horse and Performer" Drawings [1]
   4. ^ a b "Why Lautrec was a giant". London: The Times. 10 December 2006. http://entertainment.timesonline.co.uk/tol/arts_and_entertainment/visual_arts/article662158.ece. Retrieved 2007-12-08.
   5. ^ a b Angier, Natalie (6 June 1995). "What Ailed Toulouse-Lautrec? Scientists Zero In on a Key Gene". The New York Times. http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=990CE7D61338F935A35755C0A963958260&sec=&spon=&pagewanted=all. Retrieved 2007-12-08.
   6. ^ "Noble figure". The Guardian. 20 November 2004. http://books.guardian.co.uk/extracts/story/0,6761,1355241,00.html. Retrieved 2007-12-08.
   7. ^ Fermigier, André, Toulouse-Lautrec, Presses Pocket, 1992
   8. ^ Ayto, John, and Crofton, Ian, Brewer's Dictionary of Modern Phrase & Fable, page 747. Excerpted from Google Book Search. [2]
   9. ^ "Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec". AMEA - World Museum of Erotic Art
  10. ^ a b c d e f g "Toulouse Lautrec: The Full Story". Channel 4. http://www.channel4.com/culture/microsites/T/toulouse_lautrec/lautrec.html. Retrieved 2010-10-01.
  11. ^ Blake Linton Wilfong Hooker Heroes
  12. ^ Confetti - San Diego Museum Of Art
  13. ^ La Chaîne Simpson - San Diego Museum Of Art
  14. ^ 'Oscar Wilde' 1895 by Toulouse-Lautrec
  15. ^ Lautrec.info biography [3].
  16. ^ "Absinthe Service and Historic Cocktails". AbsintheOnline.com. http://www.absintheonline.com/acatalog/Cocktails.html. Retrieved 2007-12-08.
  17. ^ a b Biography : Art Blog
  18. ^ Wiktionary
  19. ^ Lautrec (1998) at the Internet Movie Database


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