Augusta Stylianou Gallery

Diego Velázquez

The Waterseller of Seville
Diego Velázquez
 1618-1622
 Oil on canvas
 105 cm × 80 cm (41 in × 31 in)
     Apsley House, London

The Waterseller of Seville epitomizes all that Velázquez set out to achieve in the genre paintings. It is widely said to be the greatest of all his Seville paintings.

The subject of the painting is the waterseller. This was a common trade for the lower classes in Velázquez's Seville. The jars and the topic of victuals recall the paintings called bodegón. The seller has two customers: a young boy, possibly painted from the same model as used for the boys in The Lunch and Old Woman Cooking Eggs, and a young man in the background shadows, (time has caused him to fade somewhat - he is clearer in the Uffizi version).

In the foreground sit the seller's gigantic pots of water, glistening with streams of running water. So large and rounded, they almost protrude out of the painting into the observer's space. The seller hands a freshly poured glass of water to the boy. In it sits a fig, a perfumer intended to make the water taste fresher - something still done in Seville today.

The still, calm scene - a typical quality of his genre scenes and, indeed, much of Velázquez's work - is remarkable for the depiction of the seller. His pensive face, battered by its direct exposure to sunlight, deeply scarred with the wrinkles of age, speaks of long years of experience. His short shaved hair and old plain clothes give him the appearance of a monk, or a saint, or an eccentric philosopher. He gazes into nothing, indicating deep thought, almost unaware of those around him. It is unnecessary for him to focus on his job, he is elsewhere: in a world inaccessible to both us and the boy.

In this picture, we see evidence of Velázquez's deep respect for the poor. He entitles the elderly seller to immense dignity, despite his lowly place in society. This attitude captures the essence of the bodegones - the idea that the simple, elemental nature of poverty is profound, effective in depicting higher subjects and morals such as biblical stories (e.g. Christ in the House of Martha and Mary).

Another proponent of this idea was Caravaggio, who significantly influenced this painting. Caravaggio was perhaps the most famous champion of the poor, going against the idealistic trends of Mannerism and the Renaissance and painting saints and divine beings as fallible cripples and prostitutes. Whilst not as aggressively provocative as Caravaggio, Velázquez does not by any means idealize his subject. Rather, he aims to represent it in a way that is precisely faithful to life. He captures the imperfections of the seller's pots, the saturations of dampness on their sides, the glistening of the light on the small drops of water and the glass, and the realistic expressions of the characters.

In the context of Velázquez's development as an artist, The Waterseller of Seville is a milestone. At this early point in his career he is already beginning to exhibit the technique of his later creations. His insight into the person of the seller is symptomatic of his insight into the subjects of his great portraits, and his precise rendition of the small details of reality demonstrate his famous understanding of human perception. These were both qualities which would distinguish him as one of the great European masters, and lead Manet to crown him "The Painter of Painters".

History of the painting

The painting has a long and colourful history. It was originally housed in the Royal Spanish Collection but stolen by Joseph Bonaparte at the time of the Napoleonic wars. The Duke of Wellington later won it - and 82 other paintings - back at the Battle of Vittoria. The King of Spain allowed him to keep them in return for beating the French. Wellington brought the painting back to England where it remains to this day, in Apsley House, his former home.

Other versions of The Waterseller of Seville

The Waterseller of Seville
Diego Velázquez
1618
Oil on canvas
104 cm × 75 cm (41 in × 30 in)
Uffizi, Florence

The Waterseller of Seville
Diego Velázquez
1620?
Oil on canvas
Walters Art Museum, Baltimore

The Waterseller exists in three forms: the Wellington Museum version (above - the more famous and important of the three), the Uffizi version and the Walters version. The Uffizi version, painted as many as two to four years earlier, has a rather more burlesque feel with the seller wearing an ornate red hat. This may be more in line with his contemporaries' expectations due to the comical and devious image of the waterseller given in picaresque novels of the time.

The Walters version takes yet another angle on the waterseller. In this he appears almost despairing in his expression, perhaps to the extent of appearing farcical. The brilliant colours used are the most extreme of the three (with the pots taking on an altogether more shiny appearance). However, as in the Uffizi version, the characters lack the depth of personality present in the Wellington version.

From Wikipedia. Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License

Diego Velázquez

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